Cited: Associated Press

Investigators are now focusing on why a computerized system failed to stop an oncoming train, especially when evidence shows the operator did try to slow it down. When the train is operating in automatic mode, the operator’s main job is to open and close doors and respond to emergencies, which evidence shows that he did. Under automatic mode, the training is primarily controlled by the computer that failed to do its job.

Debbie Hersman, an investigator with the National Transportation Safety Board, said it was unclear if the emergency brake was actually engaged when Monday’s crash occurred. But the mushroom-shaped button that activates it was found pushed down in the operator’s compartment.

Hersman said it wasn’t clear when the button was pressed or how it got that way. She also said there was evidence of braking on the train’s rotors, indicating it was likely that the operator tried to slow down. The train plowed into a stopped train ahead of it at the height of the Monday evening rush hour, killing nine people and injuring more than 70 in the deadliest accident in the 30-year history of the Metro subway system.

Crews spent the day pulling apart the wreckage and searching for bodies. Authorities also worked to determine why the train’s safeguards apparently did not kick in.

“That train was never supposed to get closer than 1,200 feet, period,” said Jackie Jeter, president of a union that represents Metro workers.

All Metro trains were running on manual control following the crash as a precaution against computer malfunction. The cars in the moving train were some of the oldest in the transit network, dating to the founding of the system. Federal officials had sought to phase out the aging fleet because of safety concerns, but the transit system kept the old trains running, saying it lacked money for new cars.

Hersman told The Associated Press that the NTSB had warned in 2006 that the old fleet should be replaced or retrofitted to make it better able to survive a crash. Neither was done, she said, which the NTSB considered “unacceptable.”

Metro General Manager John Catoe said the agency expected to receive proposals “over the next month or so” to replace the old cars, but new trains were still years away from being installed. He insisted the existing cars were safe.

This is not the first time that Metro’s automated system has been questioned. In June 2005, Metro had a close call because of signal troubles in a tunnel under the Potomac River. A conductor noticed he was getting too close to the train ahead of him even though the system indicated the track was clear. He hit the emergency brake in time, as did the operator of a train behind him.

Shortly afterward, Metro attributed the problem to a defective communications cable. The signal relays that control trains were replaced after a serious safety warning in May 2000 by the Federal Railroad Administration. The warning came after failed relays were detected on the system, formally known as the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.

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The operator of the train that barreled into the stopped cars Monday was identified as Jeanice McMillan, 42, of Springfield, Va., according to Metro officials.

McMillan was hired in January 2007 as a bus driver and was tapped to become a train operator in January 2009, the NTSB said. McMillan completed training and began working as an operator in March. Metro officials say employees start out as bus drivers before moving to trains.

Investigators want McMillan’s cell phone and texting records to determine whether she was distracted before the crash, Hersman said. Safety officials also are investigating a passenger’s statement that the train had stopped briefly then started again before the crash.

Iyesha Thomas, a Metro employee who worked with McMillan, said McMillan would often work the late shift. She did not have a car and if she were unable to get a ride home, she would sleep at Metro’s offices, take the first train to Franconia, Va., and return to work later that day.

A neighbor, Aicha Mezlini, said McMillan was killed driving the first train on her 4 p.m.-to-11 p.m. shift. She said McMillan normally worked Tuesday and Wednesday, but last week Metro changed her shift to Monday.

“There is no evidence whatsoever that this driver has done anything to cause this accident,” Catoe said Tuesday.

The crash occurred on the red line near the D.C. and Maryland border, in an area where higher train speeds are common because there is a longer distance between stops. Trains can go 55 to 59 mph, though it was not clear how fast the train that crashed was traveling. Meanwhile, emergency crews cut away the top of the train that jackknifed on top of a stopped train. They removed the debris with help from a crane brought in overnight.

“The scene that I witnessed was one that no one should have to see,” Catoe said. “It was unbelievable destruction.”

Later, his voice choked with emotion as he addressed hundreds of employees at a prayer vigil. He told them the agency will find out what caused the accident and develop a solution.

“We cannot afford to lose any more of our own, or any more of our customers,” Catoe said. “I need your prayers. This agency needs your prayers.”

Metro has long pleaded for more funding to ensure the system’s safety. The transit network is supported by the District of Columbia, Maryland and the Virginia jurisdictions that it serves. However, unlike other major systems, Metro has no dedicated funding source. Metro officials have long argued that the federal government should contribute because the trains serve the capital, and some 40 percent of rush-hour riders are federal workers.

Catoe said last year it would take $7 billion just to maintain current service and keep the system running safely and reliably from 2010 to 2020. That includes replacements for aging rail cars.

It would take billions more, he said, to deploy longer trains and more buses to meet the projected increase in demand. The number of trips taken on Metro trains is expected to grow 22 percent to about 1 million a day by 2020.

Some passengers involved in Monday’s crash returned to the site Tuesday to get another look at the destruction. Jamie Jiao, 20, of Vienna, Va., said he was aboard the first car of the moving train just a few feet from where the car was smashed.

“It was only a split second,” he said. “We were probably traveling pretty fast. No one had time to react.”

Jiao had two bandages on his face, and his foot was in a splint. He was walking with a cane and complained of aches in his back. “I’m thankful it isn’t more serious,” he said.

Tijuana Cox, 21, was in the train that was hit. She had her sprained arm in a sling on Tuesday.

“Everybody just went forward and came back,” with people’s knees hitting the seats in front of them, said Cox, of Lanham, Md.

The last and only fatal crash in the Metro subway system was on January 13, 1982. That crash caused the deaths of three people in a derailment. January 13, 1982 was a very sad day for the capital. Earlier that day, before the subway crash, and airport plane had slammed into the 14th St., Bridge just after takeoff killing 78 people during a severe snowstorm when it took off from the Washington National Airport. Since 1982, there’ve only been 2 accidents within the Metro subway system. In November 2006, 2 track workers were killed by an out-of-service train because the operator failed to follow safety procedures. Another Metro worker was struck and killed in May 2006. Then in January 2007, a Metro subway train derailed in downtown Washington, that severely injured 20 people and trapped 60 others in the tunnel.

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My Take: Hopefully, Metro has good predictive dialer software! Because there is one thing that is definitely going to happen, people are going to be contacting their call center to find out all the details. People are going to want to know if it is still safe to ride the Metro.

Where I live, trains are just becoming part of the Metro bus system. We have had a few minor scrapes, but nothing major. Knock on wood! These “bus” trains are so new out here that they only cover one part of the city. It will not be for another 20 or 30 years before it gets to where I live. I may not be around then to experience the “trolley” as they are calling it.

After hearing about this accident, I am not sure I want to even ride one again. I did ride the trolley in San Diego once. It was so crowded you could not even move, just like riding a bus. So I think I will just stick with the bus. I do not want to be one of those people that are searching for funeral urn for family members. At least they will not have to search for pet urns as well, it was bad enough losing a family member.

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Here is the next installment of The History of Marriage. Last month we discussed the father of the bride, old shoes, wedding superstitions, the engagement ring and “the other half”. This month we will talk about things closer to the actual wedding date.

Unlike other wedding traditions, the bridal shower did not originate in ancient times. It originated in Holland from a story about a miller’s daughter who wanted to get married and her father refused to allow the marriage and would not provide her with a proper dowry. The miller’s friends learned of this and showered his daughter with gifts so that she would be able to marry without the traditional dowry. Some years later in England, a woman, who had heard the story about the miller’s daughter, wanted to give a young bride-to-be a gift and thought the gift was too small. She contacted her friends and suggested that they all give their gifts at the same time to the young bride-to-be. It was so successful that when others heard of it, bridal showers began to be held everywhere. They are still held today.

The bachelor dinner, or more commonly known as, “bachelor party” started in Sparta with the Spartans in ancient Greece. At that time, it was called the “men’s mess”. As you all know, the bachelor party is given in modern times. However, with the rise of women’s rights there is now a “bachelorette party” as well. As the saying goes, “What’s good for the goose is good for the gander.”

Just curious, is the bachelor party the reason why they actually invented life insurance? It seems a whole lot of grooms and brides start looking for whole life insurance quotes right after the wedding.

The all-important trousseau has its historical roots in France. The French word “trousseau” means little bundle. That is because when a bride went to her new home with her new husband she had her clothes and other small possessions in a small bundle. Later, when the dowry became standard, the name stuck. You could consider the wedding shower gifts to be a bride-to-be’s modern-day version of the trousseau.

The wedding cake has its historical roots in ancient Rome. In Rome, a loaf of wheat bread would be broken over a brides head to symbolize the hope for a fertile and fulfilling life. Then the guests will pick up the crumbs and eat them because they believed they would bestow good luck on them. In the Middle Ages, England picked up the tradition. The English would bring small cakes and put them in a pile. Later the bride and groom would stand over them and kiss. The traditional white cake is a modern version of the grain cake that the English used. The cake is symbolically special food that everybody eats from. It is a sign of coming together and wishing the new couple luck. It is one of man’s oldest rituals when the bride and groom slice the cake and offer it to each other. In modern times, it has become traditional for the top layer of the wedding cake to be kept frozen until the first anniversary.

There is one tradition that should be held after the wedding and honeymoon. That is a search for the best term life insurance quotes they can get. It is something that every couple should consider. Especially if there are going to start a family they need to research universal life insurance quotes. If something happens to either one of them, the insurance will help alleviate any financial problems.

The History of Marriage, Part 1

The History of Marriage, Part 2

The History of Marriage, Part 4